SecurityBenadir Al-Shabaab Claims Downing AU Helicopter, AUSSOM Cites Technical Malfunction June 4, 20251 min read SecurityBenadir Burundian Troops Evacuated from Flooded Xawaadley Base, No Casualties June 4, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessBenadir Somalia Remains on UN Security Council as DRC, Liberia Elected for 2026–2027 Term June 3, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessSomaliland Somaliland Celebrates First All-Women Teacher Training Graduation June 3, 20252 min read SecurityBenadir Somalia, UNMAS Boost Cooperation on Landmine Clearance June 2, 20251 min read SecurityPuntland US Airstrikes Target ISIS in Somalia’s Puntland State June 2, 20251 min read International RelationsNationwide Somalia Senate Speaker Arrives in Moscow to Boost Ties with Russia June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir Opposition Urges Inclusive Elections in Mogadishu Talks June 2, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessPuntland Puntland to Boost Development Cooperation with Switzerland June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir President Mohamud and Partners Discuss 2026 Elections in Somalia June 2, 20251 min read SecurityBenadir Al-Shabaab Seizes Hawadley After AU Forces Withdraw June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir Somali President Meets International Partners Over 2026 Elections and Security June 2, 20251 min read PoliticsBenadir SWJO Condemns Politicization of Human Rights Commission Process June 2, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Djibouti, Somalia Leaders Discuss Regional Security and Ties June 2, 20251 min read HealthBenadir Federal and SSC-Khaatumo Health Officials Discuss Expanding Services June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessBenadir Somalia Partners with the US and Interpol to Launch Aviation Security Data-Sharing System June 1, 20251 min read Environment & ClimateBenadir Deputy Speaker of Somali Parliament Praises SoDMA Female Staff’s Role in Relief Work June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Somalia Customs Chief Sacked Over Forged Arrest Letter June 1, 20251 min read Load More Home Politics Security Elections More News Premium Economy & Business Education Entertainment & Lifestyle Environment & Climate Health International Relations Technology & Innovation Sports News By Region Nationwide Benadir Galmudug Hirshabelle Jubaland Puntland South West State Somaliland North Eastern State Resources Infographics Downloads Videos FAQ About Somalia
SecurityBenadir Burundian Troops Evacuated from Flooded Xawaadley Base, No Casualties June 4, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessBenadir Somalia Remains on UN Security Council as DRC, Liberia Elected for 2026–2027 Term June 3, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessSomaliland Somaliland Celebrates First All-Women Teacher Training Graduation June 3, 20252 min read SecurityBenadir Somalia, UNMAS Boost Cooperation on Landmine Clearance June 2, 20251 min read SecurityPuntland US Airstrikes Target ISIS in Somalia’s Puntland State June 2, 20251 min read International RelationsNationwide Somalia Senate Speaker Arrives in Moscow to Boost Ties with Russia June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir Opposition Urges Inclusive Elections in Mogadishu Talks June 2, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessPuntland Puntland to Boost Development Cooperation with Switzerland June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir President Mohamud and Partners Discuss 2026 Elections in Somalia June 2, 20251 min read SecurityBenadir Al-Shabaab Seizes Hawadley After AU Forces Withdraw June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir Somali President Meets International Partners Over 2026 Elections and Security June 2, 20251 min read PoliticsBenadir SWJO Condemns Politicization of Human Rights Commission Process June 2, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Djibouti, Somalia Leaders Discuss Regional Security and Ties June 2, 20251 min read HealthBenadir Federal and SSC-Khaatumo Health Officials Discuss Expanding Services June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessBenadir Somalia Partners with the US and Interpol to Launch Aviation Security Data-Sharing System June 1, 20251 min read Environment & ClimateBenadir Deputy Speaker of Somali Parliament Praises SoDMA Female Staff’s Role in Relief Work June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Somalia Customs Chief Sacked Over Forged Arrest Letter June 1, 20251 min read Load More Home Politics Security Elections More News Premium Economy & Business Education Entertainment & Lifestyle Environment & Climate Health International Relations Technology & Innovation Sports News By Region Nationwide Benadir Galmudug Hirshabelle Jubaland Puntland South West State Somaliland North Eastern State Resources Infographics Downloads Videos FAQ About Somalia
Economy & BusinessBenadir Somalia Remains on UN Security Council as DRC, Liberia Elected for 2026–2027 Term June 3, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessSomaliland Somaliland Celebrates First All-Women Teacher Training Graduation June 3, 20252 min read SecurityBenadir Somalia, UNMAS Boost Cooperation on Landmine Clearance June 2, 20251 min read SecurityPuntland US Airstrikes Target ISIS in Somalia’s Puntland State June 2, 20251 min read International RelationsNationwide Somalia Senate Speaker Arrives in Moscow to Boost Ties with Russia June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir Opposition Urges Inclusive Elections in Mogadishu Talks June 2, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessPuntland Puntland to Boost Development Cooperation with Switzerland June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir President Mohamud and Partners Discuss 2026 Elections in Somalia June 2, 20251 min read SecurityBenadir Al-Shabaab Seizes Hawadley After AU Forces Withdraw June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir Somali President Meets International Partners Over 2026 Elections and Security June 2, 20251 min read PoliticsBenadir SWJO Condemns Politicization of Human Rights Commission Process June 2, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Djibouti, Somalia Leaders Discuss Regional Security and Ties June 2, 20251 min read HealthBenadir Federal and SSC-Khaatumo Health Officials Discuss Expanding Services June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessBenadir Somalia Partners with the US and Interpol to Launch Aviation Security Data-Sharing System June 1, 20251 min read Environment & ClimateBenadir Deputy Speaker of Somali Parliament Praises SoDMA Female Staff’s Role in Relief Work June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Somalia Customs Chief Sacked Over Forged Arrest Letter June 1, 20251 min read Load More Home Politics Security Elections More News Premium Economy & Business Education Entertainment & Lifestyle Environment & Climate Health International Relations Technology & Innovation Sports News By Region Nationwide Benadir Galmudug Hirshabelle Jubaland Puntland South West State Somaliland North Eastern State Resources Infographics Downloads Videos FAQ About Somalia
Economy & BusinessSomaliland Somaliland Celebrates First All-Women Teacher Training Graduation June 3, 20252 min read SecurityBenadir Somalia, UNMAS Boost Cooperation on Landmine Clearance June 2, 20251 min read SecurityPuntland US Airstrikes Target ISIS in Somalia’s Puntland State June 2, 20251 min read International RelationsNationwide Somalia Senate Speaker Arrives in Moscow to Boost Ties with Russia June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir Opposition Urges Inclusive Elections in Mogadishu Talks June 2, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessPuntland Puntland to Boost Development Cooperation with Switzerland June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir President Mohamud and Partners Discuss 2026 Elections in Somalia June 2, 20251 min read SecurityBenadir Al-Shabaab Seizes Hawadley After AU Forces Withdraw June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir Somali President Meets International Partners Over 2026 Elections and Security June 2, 20251 min read PoliticsBenadir SWJO Condemns Politicization of Human Rights Commission Process June 2, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Djibouti, Somalia Leaders Discuss Regional Security and Ties June 2, 20251 min read HealthBenadir Federal and SSC-Khaatumo Health Officials Discuss Expanding Services June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessBenadir Somalia Partners with the US and Interpol to Launch Aviation Security Data-Sharing System June 1, 20251 min read Environment & ClimateBenadir Deputy Speaker of Somali Parliament Praises SoDMA Female Staff’s Role in Relief Work June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Somalia Customs Chief Sacked Over Forged Arrest Letter June 1, 20251 min read Load More Home Politics Security Elections More News Premium Economy & Business Education Entertainment & Lifestyle Environment & Climate Health International Relations Technology & Innovation Sports News By Region Nationwide Benadir Galmudug Hirshabelle Jubaland Puntland South West State Somaliland North Eastern State Resources Infographics Downloads Videos FAQ About Somalia
SecurityBenadir Somalia, UNMAS Boost Cooperation on Landmine Clearance June 2, 20251 min read SecurityPuntland US Airstrikes Target ISIS in Somalia’s Puntland State June 2, 20251 min read International RelationsNationwide Somalia Senate Speaker Arrives in Moscow to Boost Ties with Russia June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir Opposition Urges Inclusive Elections in Mogadishu Talks June 2, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessPuntland Puntland to Boost Development Cooperation with Switzerland June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir President Mohamud and Partners Discuss 2026 Elections in Somalia June 2, 20251 min read SecurityBenadir Al-Shabaab Seizes Hawadley After AU Forces Withdraw June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir Somali President Meets International Partners Over 2026 Elections and Security June 2, 20251 min read PoliticsBenadir SWJO Condemns Politicization of Human Rights Commission Process June 2, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Djibouti, Somalia Leaders Discuss Regional Security and Ties June 2, 20251 min read HealthBenadir Federal and SSC-Khaatumo Health Officials Discuss Expanding Services June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessBenadir Somalia Partners with the US and Interpol to Launch Aviation Security Data-Sharing System June 1, 20251 min read Environment & ClimateBenadir Deputy Speaker of Somali Parliament Praises SoDMA Female Staff’s Role in Relief Work June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Somalia Customs Chief Sacked Over Forged Arrest Letter June 1, 20251 min read Load More Home Politics Security Elections More News Premium Economy & Business Education Entertainment & Lifestyle Environment & Climate Health International Relations Technology & Innovation Sports News By Region Nationwide Benadir Galmudug Hirshabelle Jubaland Puntland South West State Somaliland North Eastern State Resources Infographics Downloads Videos FAQ About Somalia
SecurityPuntland US Airstrikes Target ISIS in Somalia’s Puntland State June 2, 20251 min read International RelationsNationwide Somalia Senate Speaker Arrives in Moscow to Boost Ties with Russia June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir Opposition Urges Inclusive Elections in Mogadishu Talks June 2, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessPuntland Puntland to Boost Development Cooperation with Switzerland June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir President Mohamud and Partners Discuss 2026 Elections in Somalia June 2, 20251 min read SecurityBenadir Al-Shabaab Seizes Hawadley After AU Forces Withdraw June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir Somali President Meets International Partners Over 2026 Elections and Security June 2, 20251 min read PoliticsBenadir SWJO Condemns Politicization of Human Rights Commission Process June 2, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Djibouti, Somalia Leaders Discuss Regional Security and Ties June 2, 20251 min read HealthBenadir Federal and SSC-Khaatumo Health Officials Discuss Expanding Services June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessBenadir Somalia Partners with the US and Interpol to Launch Aviation Security Data-Sharing System June 1, 20251 min read Environment & ClimateBenadir Deputy Speaker of Somali Parliament Praises SoDMA Female Staff’s Role in Relief Work June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Somalia Customs Chief Sacked Over Forged Arrest Letter June 1, 20251 min read Load More Home Politics Security Elections More News Premium Economy & Business Education Entertainment & Lifestyle Environment & Climate Health International Relations Technology & Innovation Sports News By Region Nationwide Benadir Galmudug Hirshabelle Jubaland Puntland South West State Somaliland North Eastern State Resources Infographics Downloads Videos FAQ About Somalia
International RelationsNationwide Somalia Senate Speaker Arrives in Moscow to Boost Ties with Russia June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir Opposition Urges Inclusive Elections in Mogadishu Talks June 2, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessPuntland Puntland to Boost Development Cooperation with Switzerland June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir President Mohamud and Partners Discuss 2026 Elections in Somalia June 2, 20251 min read SecurityBenadir Al-Shabaab Seizes Hawadley After AU Forces Withdraw June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir Somali President Meets International Partners Over 2026 Elections and Security June 2, 20251 min read PoliticsBenadir SWJO Condemns Politicization of Human Rights Commission Process June 2, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Djibouti, Somalia Leaders Discuss Regional Security and Ties June 2, 20251 min read HealthBenadir Federal and SSC-Khaatumo Health Officials Discuss Expanding Services June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessBenadir Somalia Partners with the US and Interpol to Launch Aviation Security Data-Sharing System June 1, 20251 min read Environment & ClimateBenadir Deputy Speaker of Somali Parliament Praises SoDMA Female Staff’s Role in Relief Work June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Somalia Customs Chief Sacked Over Forged Arrest Letter June 1, 20251 min read Load More Home Politics Security Elections More News Premium Economy & Business Education Entertainment & Lifestyle Environment & Climate Health International Relations Technology & Innovation Sports News By Region Nationwide Benadir Galmudug Hirshabelle Jubaland Puntland South West State Somaliland North Eastern State Resources Infographics Downloads Videos FAQ About Somalia
ElectionBenadir Opposition Urges Inclusive Elections in Mogadishu Talks June 2, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessPuntland Puntland to Boost Development Cooperation with Switzerland June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir President Mohamud and Partners Discuss 2026 Elections in Somalia June 2, 20251 min read SecurityBenadir Al-Shabaab Seizes Hawadley After AU Forces Withdraw June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir Somali President Meets International Partners Over 2026 Elections and Security June 2, 20251 min read PoliticsBenadir SWJO Condemns Politicization of Human Rights Commission Process June 2, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Djibouti, Somalia Leaders Discuss Regional Security and Ties June 2, 20251 min read HealthBenadir Federal and SSC-Khaatumo Health Officials Discuss Expanding Services June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessBenadir Somalia Partners with the US and Interpol to Launch Aviation Security Data-Sharing System June 1, 20251 min read Environment & ClimateBenadir Deputy Speaker of Somali Parliament Praises SoDMA Female Staff’s Role in Relief Work June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Somalia Customs Chief Sacked Over Forged Arrest Letter June 1, 20251 min read Load More Home Politics Security Elections More News Premium Economy & Business Education Entertainment & Lifestyle Environment & Climate Health International Relations Technology & Innovation Sports News By Region Nationwide Benadir Galmudug Hirshabelle Jubaland Puntland South West State Somaliland North Eastern State Resources Infographics Downloads Videos FAQ About Somalia
Economy & BusinessPuntland Puntland to Boost Development Cooperation with Switzerland June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir President Mohamud and Partners Discuss 2026 Elections in Somalia June 2, 20251 min read SecurityBenadir Al-Shabaab Seizes Hawadley After AU Forces Withdraw June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir Somali President Meets International Partners Over 2026 Elections and Security June 2, 20251 min read PoliticsBenadir SWJO Condemns Politicization of Human Rights Commission Process June 2, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Djibouti, Somalia Leaders Discuss Regional Security and Ties June 2, 20251 min read HealthBenadir Federal and SSC-Khaatumo Health Officials Discuss Expanding Services June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessBenadir Somalia Partners with the US and Interpol to Launch Aviation Security Data-Sharing System June 1, 20251 min read Environment & ClimateBenadir Deputy Speaker of Somali Parliament Praises SoDMA Female Staff’s Role in Relief Work June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Somalia Customs Chief Sacked Over Forged Arrest Letter June 1, 20251 min read Load More Home Politics Security Elections More News Premium Economy & Business Education Entertainment & Lifestyle Environment & Climate Health International Relations Technology & Innovation Sports News By Region Nationwide Benadir Galmudug Hirshabelle Jubaland Puntland South West State Somaliland North Eastern State Resources Infographics Downloads Videos FAQ About Somalia
ElectionBenadir President Mohamud and Partners Discuss 2026 Elections in Somalia June 2, 20251 min read SecurityBenadir Al-Shabaab Seizes Hawadley After AU Forces Withdraw June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir Somali President Meets International Partners Over 2026 Elections and Security June 2, 20251 min read PoliticsBenadir SWJO Condemns Politicization of Human Rights Commission Process June 2, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Djibouti, Somalia Leaders Discuss Regional Security and Ties June 2, 20251 min read HealthBenadir Federal and SSC-Khaatumo Health Officials Discuss Expanding Services June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessBenadir Somalia Partners with the US and Interpol to Launch Aviation Security Data-Sharing System June 1, 20251 min read Environment & ClimateBenadir Deputy Speaker of Somali Parliament Praises SoDMA Female Staff’s Role in Relief Work June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Somalia Customs Chief Sacked Over Forged Arrest Letter June 1, 20251 min read Load More Home Politics Security Elections More News Premium Economy & Business Education Entertainment & Lifestyle Environment & Climate Health International Relations Technology & Innovation Sports News By Region Nationwide Benadir Galmudug Hirshabelle Jubaland Puntland South West State Somaliland North Eastern State Resources Infographics Downloads Videos FAQ About Somalia
SecurityBenadir Al-Shabaab Seizes Hawadley After AU Forces Withdraw June 2, 20251 min read ElectionBenadir Somali President Meets International Partners Over 2026 Elections and Security June 2, 20251 min read PoliticsBenadir SWJO Condemns Politicization of Human Rights Commission Process June 2, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Djibouti, Somalia Leaders Discuss Regional Security and Ties June 2, 20251 min read HealthBenadir Federal and SSC-Khaatumo Health Officials Discuss Expanding Services June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessBenadir Somalia Partners with the US and Interpol to Launch Aviation Security Data-Sharing System June 1, 20251 min read Environment & ClimateBenadir Deputy Speaker of Somali Parliament Praises SoDMA Female Staff’s Role in Relief Work June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Somalia Customs Chief Sacked Over Forged Arrest Letter June 1, 20251 min read Load More Home Politics Security Elections More News Premium Economy & Business Education Entertainment & Lifestyle Environment & Climate Health International Relations Technology & Innovation Sports News By Region Nationwide Benadir Galmudug Hirshabelle Jubaland Puntland South West State Somaliland North Eastern State Resources Infographics Downloads Videos FAQ About Somalia
ElectionBenadir Somali President Meets International Partners Over 2026 Elections and Security June 2, 20251 min read PoliticsBenadir SWJO Condemns Politicization of Human Rights Commission Process June 2, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Djibouti, Somalia Leaders Discuss Regional Security and Ties June 2, 20251 min read HealthBenadir Federal and SSC-Khaatumo Health Officials Discuss Expanding Services June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessBenadir Somalia Partners with the US and Interpol to Launch Aviation Security Data-Sharing System June 1, 20251 min read Environment & ClimateBenadir Deputy Speaker of Somali Parliament Praises SoDMA Female Staff’s Role in Relief Work June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Somalia Customs Chief Sacked Over Forged Arrest Letter June 1, 20251 min read Load More Home Politics Security Elections More News Premium Economy & Business Education Entertainment & Lifestyle Environment & Climate Health International Relations Technology & Innovation Sports News By Region Nationwide Benadir Galmudug Hirshabelle Jubaland Puntland South West State Somaliland North Eastern State Resources Infographics Downloads Videos FAQ About Somalia
PoliticsBenadir SWJO Condemns Politicization of Human Rights Commission Process June 2, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Djibouti, Somalia Leaders Discuss Regional Security and Ties June 2, 20251 min read HealthBenadir Federal and SSC-Khaatumo Health Officials Discuss Expanding Services June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessBenadir Somalia Partners with the US and Interpol to Launch Aviation Security Data-Sharing System June 1, 20251 min read Environment & ClimateBenadir Deputy Speaker of Somali Parliament Praises SoDMA Female Staff’s Role in Relief Work June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Somalia Customs Chief Sacked Over Forged Arrest Letter June 1, 20251 min read Load More Home Politics Security Elections More News Premium Economy & Business Education Entertainment & Lifestyle Environment & Climate Health International Relations Technology & Innovation Sports News By Region Nationwide Benadir Galmudug Hirshabelle Jubaland Puntland South West State Somaliland North Eastern State Resources Infographics Downloads Videos FAQ About Somalia
Economy & BusinessNationwide Djibouti, Somalia Leaders Discuss Regional Security and Ties June 2, 20251 min read HealthBenadir Federal and SSC-Khaatumo Health Officials Discuss Expanding Services June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessBenadir Somalia Partners with the US and Interpol to Launch Aviation Security Data-Sharing System June 1, 20251 min read Environment & ClimateBenadir Deputy Speaker of Somali Parliament Praises SoDMA Female Staff’s Role in Relief Work June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Somalia Customs Chief Sacked Over Forged Arrest Letter June 1, 20251 min read Load More Home Politics Security Elections More News Premium Economy & Business Education Entertainment & Lifestyle Environment & Climate Health International Relations Technology & Innovation Sports News By Region Nationwide Benadir Galmudug Hirshabelle Jubaland Puntland South West State Somaliland North Eastern State Resources Infographics Downloads Videos FAQ About Somalia
HealthBenadir Federal and SSC-Khaatumo Health Officials Discuss Expanding Services June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessBenadir Somalia Partners with the US and Interpol to Launch Aviation Security Data-Sharing System June 1, 20251 min read Environment & ClimateBenadir Deputy Speaker of Somali Parliament Praises SoDMA Female Staff’s Role in Relief Work June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Somalia Customs Chief Sacked Over Forged Arrest Letter June 1, 20251 min read Load More Home Politics Security Elections More News Premium Economy & Business Education Entertainment & Lifestyle Environment & Climate Health International Relations Technology & Innovation Sports News By Region Nationwide Benadir Galmudug Hirshabelle Jubaland Puntland South West State Somaliland North Eastern State Resources Infographics Downloads Videos FAQ About Somalia
Economy & BusinessBenadir Somalia Partners with the US and Interpol to Launch Aviation Security Data-Sharing System June 1, 20251 min read Environment & ClimateBenadir Deputy Speaker of Somali Parliament Praises SoDMA Female Staff’s Role in Relief Work June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Somalia Customs Chief Sacked Over Forged Arrest Letter June 1, 20251 min read Load More
Environment & ClimateBenadir Deputy Speaker of Somali Parliament Praises SoDMA Female Staff’s Role in Relief Work June 1, 20251 min read Economy & BusinessNationwide Somalia Customs Chief Sacked Over Forged Arrest Letter June 1, 20251 min read
Economy & BusinessNationwide Somalia Customs Chief Sacked Over Forged Arrest Letter June 1, 20251 min read
